Rheumatoid arthritis

5 autoimmune diseases affecting Canadians

Approximately two million Canadians are affected by autoimmune diseases. Find out more about these diseases and know whether or not you're at risk

By Jaclyn Law

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Rheumatoid arthritis

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the immune system attacks healthy joints and the surrounding tissue, leading to inflammation that causes pain, swelling and stiffness, and may limit mobility. Typically, people with RA experience ongoing symptoms, plus spikes of disease activity (“flares”) alternating with quieter periods. The disease causes progressive, permanent damage, especially in the hands and feet. It may also cause fatigue and affect other organs.  

According to The Arthritis Society, about one in 100 Canadians has RA. It most often affects people in middle age, though it can begin at any stage of life. It often starts gradually, with only minor joint pain and stiffness in the beginning. Other symptoms can include morning stiffness; warm and/or tender joints; dry eyes and mouth; numbness, tingling or burning sensations in the hands and feet; and sleep difficulties. Treatment may include medications, physical therapy, exercise, a change in diet, or surgery.